Definition: Lithium batteries use lithium as the active material, including ​non-rechargeable lithium-metal batteries and ​rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Features: High energy density, long lifespan, lightweight, but require safety and low-temperature performance optimization.

1.Charge and discharge management: shallow charging and discharging (DOD≤80%), avoid high rate charging and discharging;

2.Temperature control: keep the working temperature around 25°C to avoid high temperature accelerating material aging;

3.Material optimization: use long-life anode (such as lithium iron phosphate) and pre-lithiation technology to compensate for the loss of active lithium;

4.Maintenance strategy: regular equalization of battery pack voltage, avoiding single-unit overvoltage/undervoltage.

Low temperature will lead to lithium battery capacity release ability to decline, for example, lithium iron phosphate batteries in -20 ℃ when the capacity of only 50%, lithium ternary battery can maintain more than 60%.

​Use dedicated chargers (3.6-3.65V per cell) with ​0.5C current (max 1C)